UPSC Prelims 2011 · Question 31 of 100

UPSC Prelims 2011 question on Antioxidants Free Radicals

Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity?

  1. They activate the enzymes necessary for vitamin synthesis in the body and help prevent vitamin deficiency
  2. They prevent excessive oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body and help avoid unnecessary wastage of energy
  3. They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism
  4. They activate certain genes in the cells of the body and help delay the ageing process
Show answer

Answer: C. They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism

Verdict

Correct Answer: They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism

Analysis

Antioxidants protect body cells from damage by neutralizing harmful free radicals produced during metabolism and other processes.

During normal metabolism, the body produces unstable molecules called free radicals. These molecules have unpaired electrons, so they are highly reactive.

Free radicals can damage DNA, proteins and cell membranes by stealing electrons from healthy cells. This damage is called oxidative stress.

Antioxidants such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E and beta-carotene donate electrons to free radicals and neutralize them without becoming harmful themselves. Thus, they reduce cellular damage.

Statement by statement

Antioxidants do not primarily help in vitamin synthesis.

They do not prevent wastage of energy from carbohydrates, fats or proteins.

They do not directly activate genes for growth and development.

Their main function is to reduce oxidative damage by neutralizing free radicals.

Extra UPSC Info
Common antioxidants include Vitamin C, Vitamin E, beta-carotene, lycopene and selenium.
Sources include citrus fruits, nuts, seeds, carrots, spinach and tomatoes.
The body also produces enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.
Antioxidants are used in food industries to prevent rancidity, especially in fats and oils.
Oxidative stress is linked with ageing, inflammation and chronic diseases.
Final Takeaway

Antioxidants act as protective molecules by neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in the body.

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