UPSC Prelims 2023 question on Due Process of Law

Due Process of Law is a principle that ensures the procedure used to make a law is free from arbitrariness and irrationality.

Natural justice is an expression of English common law involving a procedural requirement of fairness.

In the Maneka Gandhi case, the Supreme Court of India recognised the principle of Due Process of Law.

Natural Justice implies fairness, reasonableness, equity and equality — higher procedural principles every administrative agency must follow.

Hence option (a) — The principle of natural justice — is the correct answer.