UPSC Prelims 2025 · Question 31 of 100

UPSC Prelims 2025 question on Alternative Investments

With reference to investments, consider the following:

I. Bonds

II. Hedge Funds

III. Stocks

IV. Venture Capital

How many of the above are treated as Alternative Investment Funds?

  1. Only one
  2. Only two
  3. Only three
  4. All the four
Show answer

Answer: B. Only two

Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) are funds that pool resources from Ultra High-Net-Worth Individuals or Institutional Investors and invest in Non-public Markets — markets for securities not listed on stock exchanges — investing in instruments of complex nature and high risk.

I. Bonds – INCORRECT: Bonds are traditional investment instruments listed and traded on exchanges. Not an AIF.

II. Hedge Funds – CORRECT: Hedge Funds fall under Category III AIF — AIF which employs diverse/complex trading strategies and may employ leverage through investment in listed or unlisted derivatives.

III. Stocks – INCORRECT: Stocks are traditional instruments listed on stock exchanges. Not an AIF.

IV. Venture Capital – CORRECT: Venture Capital Funds fall under Category I AIF — AIF which invests in start-up or early-stage ventures, SMEs, or Infrastructure/Distressed assets.

Only two (Hedge Funds and Venture Capital) are treated as Alternative Investment Funds → Option (b).

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